Faust, also known as Faustus or Doctor Faustus, is the protagonist of one of the most enduring stories in Western literature and mythology. It tells the tale of a German necromancer or astrologer who trades his soul for knowledge and power to the devil. There was a historical Faust, possibly even two, and one of them frequently referred to the devil as his Schwager, or sidekick. About 1540, one or both of them passed away, leaving behind a convoluted mythology involving necromancy, sodomy, astrology, and studies in theology and the dark arts. Despite the fact that he was widely known and travelled at the time, all witnesses attest to his reputation for evil.